Toppling failure has attracted particular interest in the field of rock mechanics because the speed of the failure can range from low to extremely high 2. Enge412 rock mechanics and rock engineering department of geological sciences course coordinator marlene villeneuve email. Goel, in engineering rock mass classification, 2011. This note provides an introduction to the mechanics of materials and structures. At intermediate and large scales, anticipation or prediction of the stability of rock slopes and the manner in which they can fail can be very difficult. Rock slope stability download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. A catalogue record for this book is available from the british library. Pdf a short course in soil and rock slope engineering. Kinematic analyses of sliding and toppling failure of. Designed for researchers and professionals in earthquake seismology, rock failure physics, geology and earthquake engineering, it is also a valuable reference for graduate students. A short course in soil and rock slope engineering book summary.
Examples of rock mechanic problems lane cove tunnel collapse, sydney australia lane cove tunnel collapse australia november 2 2005 collapse of the ventilation tunnel at intersection with the main tunnel was duecollapse of the ventilation tunnel at intersection with the main tunnel was due. These structures encompass building foundations, dams, slopes, shafts, tunnels, caverns, hydroelectric schemes, mines, radioactive waste and geothermal energy projects. Improved analytical solution for toppling stability analysis. Rock mechanics forms part of the much broader subject of geomechanics, which is concerned with the mechanical responses of all geological materials, including soils. Examples of rock mechanics problems consequence of slope failure upstream of viajont dam after impoundment the town of longarone, located downstream of the vajont dam, before the. S canada rock mechanics symposium, san francisco, june 29july 2, a poster paper. In such failure, some rock blocks break due to tensile stresses and some overturn under their own weights and then all of them topple together. This is because at such scales stability is affected by the. Harrison book covers the basic rock mechanics principles, how to study the interactions between these principles and a discussion on the fundamentals of excavation and support and the application of these in the design of surface and underground structures. Toppling failures can be deep, large, and potentially rapid.
Developed for a complete class in rock engineering, this volume uniquely combines the design of surface and underground rock excavations and addresses. Back analysis in rock engineering 1st edition shunsuke. Pdf many researches on disaster prevention using computer simulation. Rock slope engineering civil engineering i am menglim. Shear strength of rock joints, deformability of rock joints, concept of joint compliance. Mechanical model and analytical solution to toppling slope failure. Rock mechanics, as applied in engineering geology, mining, petroleum, and civil engineering practice, is concerned with the application of the principles of engineering mechanics to the design of the rock structures. An analytical solution for block toppling failure of rock slopes during an earthquake article pdf available in applied sciences 710. The application of goodman and brays limit equilibrium analysis of multiblock failures to these three slopes is demonstrated. This classic handbook deals with the geotechnical problems of rock slope design. Nonassociative limit analysis of the topplingsliding.
Toppling and columnar flexural bending or buckling are other failure mechanisms that can occur with increasing slope scale. The removal of overburden and the confining rock, as is the case in mining excavations, can result in a partial relief of the constraining stresses within the rock structure, resulting in a toppling failure. Slope mass rating smr is a rock mass classification scheme developed by manuel romana. Given the strongly nonassociative character of topplingsliding rock slope failures, examples of experimental data were chosen from the rock mechanics. Base friction modeling of toppling failures in jointed. What is the modulus of elasticity of rock and how to get it.
Apr 25, 2017 the removal of overburden and the confining rock, as is the case in mining excavations, can result in a partial relief of the constraining stresses within the rock structure, resulting in a toppling failure. A wedge failure controlled by intersecting structural features in the rock mass. An analytical solution for block toppling failure of rock. Toppling failure is one of the most common modes of failure of rock slopes in layered rock strata. Blockflexure is the most common mode of toppling failure in natural and excavated rock slopes. Download rock slope stability or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Developed for a complete class in rock engineering, design analysis in rock mechanics, second edition uniquely combines the design of surface and underground rock excavations and addresses. Failure of a brittle rock point when the rock loses all resistance to stress and crumbles.
Smr addresses both planar sliding and toppling failure modes, no additional. Rock mechanics studies to analyse toppling failure. A study of the mechanism of flexural toppling failure of. Nonassociative limit analysis of the topplingsliding failure of rock. Toppling failure long thin rock columns formed by the steeply dipping discontinuities may rotate about a pivot point located at the lowest corner of the block. Toppling failure occurs due to steep discontinuities in the rock which eventually leads to slippage of the layers and the outward and downward movement of a column of rock. In this book, however, no empirical approaches will be described, instead, all the approaches are based on simple rock mechanics theory. The evolution of their text, from rock slope engineering to a manual on rock slope. All examinations have both open book and closed book parts. Rock mechanics irock mechanics i western engineering. Limit analysis is a powerful procedure which is widely used in geotechnical engineering for the analysis of collapse states. What is the response of rocks under dynamic earthquake type loading.
The basal failure plane observed in the centrifuge models, has been found to emanate from the toe of the slope, and orient at. Rock dynamics has become one of the most important topics in the field of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Flexural toppling is one of the wellknown modes of the failure. Here the column of rock rotates about a fixed point at the base of the slope. Slope stability refers to the condition of inclined soil or rock slopes to withstand or undergo movement. This toppling action is due to the columns center of gravity lying outside the base dimensions.
If a body is resting on a rough slope, it will be on the verge of toppling over when the weight of the body acts through the edge of the part of the body which is in contact with the slope. Kinematic analyses of sliding and toppling failure of double. However, when applied to toppling sliding failures in rock slopes, overestimates of stability can arise, and hence limit equilibrium and dem approaches have proved more popular. Introduction toppling failures can occur in slopes cut in rock with regularly spaced fractures which strike parallel to the slope, and dip into the face. Design analysis in rock mechanics download book pdf full. Chapters include geotechnical and geomechanical analysis techniques, hydrology, rock slope stabilization techniques, and geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring. Rock slope stability in surface excavations, from planar block and wedge slides to rotational and toppling failures. It consists of five categories of topics on the science and practice of rock engineering. Parameters considered were, the three governing materials steel, grout, and rock with two interfaces bolt grout and grout rocks. Whether youre involved in surface mine design or production, construction, education, or regulation, this is an important new book for your library.
Surface toppling can cause rock falls, but deep toppling seldom fails suddenly. As one type of rock slope failures, topping failure can be accurately simulated only when several aspects are correctly calculated such as deformation and stress. Physical and theoretical modeling of rock slopes against. Toppling rock slope failures examples of analysis and.
Click download or read online button to get rock slope stability book now. Toppling failure of rock slopes can be roughly differentiated into three. Practical rock mechanics provides an introduction for graduate students as well as a reference guide for practicing engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers. Toppling alevel maths revision section looking at toppling. The stability condition of slopes is a subject of study and research in soil mechanics, geotechnical engineering and engineering geology.
It describes the basic rock slope failure modes and methods of analysisboth kinematic and kinetic techniques. A study of the mechanism of flexural toppling failure of rock. Kinematic analyses of sliding and toppling failure of double free face rock mass slopes. Pdf rockfall and toppling failure simulation of rock slopes.
Base friction modeling of toppling failures in jointed rock. Three case histories of toppling failures of rock slopes, and the methods used to ensure that failure did not disrupt operations below the slope, are described. This book is the first to describe an observational method in rock engineering practice, which implies that the potential readers of this book must be practicing engineers working on rock engineering projects. The basal failure plane observed in the centrifuge models, has been found to emanate from the toe of the slope, and orient at an angle. It has been written for the nonspecialist mining or civil engineer, with worked examples, design charts, coverage of more detailed analytical methods, and of the collection and interpretation of geological and groundwater information and tests for the mechanical properties of rock. Landslides in research, theory and practice, 1 jan 2000 1. Theories of failure memorial university of newfoundland. Lectures on rock mechanicslectures on rock mechanics. Theories of failure maximum shear stress theory to use this theory for either two or threedimensional static stress in homogeneous, isotopic, ductile materials, first compute the three principal stresses 1, 2, 3 and the maximum shear stress as 12 max 2 max min 2 pp then compare the maximum shear stress to the failure criterion. These structures encompass building foundations, dams, slopes, shafts, tunnels, caverns, hydroelectric schemes, mines, radioactive waste repositories and geothermal energy projects. In the third failure, the top 8 m of a single 12 m high toppling block was removed by blasting to prevent further rotational movement. Then, the failure behavior of rock slopes are simulated using 3dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis.
An ideal source for geologists and others with little background in engineering or mechanics. Hoek and bray comprehensive method circular failure toppling failure rockfalls 11 stabilization, maintenance and. However, when applied to topplingsliding failures in rock slopes, overestimates of stability can arise, and hence limit equilibrium and dem approaches have proved more popular. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
The main objective of this book is to present the fundamentals of rock. You will be introduced to and become familiar with all relevant physical properties and fundamental laws governing the behavior of materials and structures and you will learn how to solve a variety of problems of interest to civil and environmental engineers. Variation of failure mechanisms of slopes in jointed rock. Past research has analyzed rock toppling using 1g physical and twodimensional analytical models. International journal of mining and geoengineering, 49, 2, 2015, 155171. What is the bearing capacity of rock on surface an at depths.
Pdf toppling failure is one of the most common modes of failure of rock slopes in layered rock. This type of slope failure may be further categorized depend on the mode such as. The book considers fundamental geological processes that give rise to the nature of rock masses and control their mechanical behavior. Strength in plastic materials is defined as the level of stress at failure. Strength and deformability of jointed rock mass, fracture strength of jointed rock mass. Then, the physical and mechanical properties of experimental. Failure modes in rock and soil slopes slope failure. Explained and illustrated chunan tang, dalian university of technology, dalian, china john a. Rock mechanics problems how will rock react when put to mens use. In layered and blocky rock slopes, toppling failure is a common mode of instability that may occur in mining engineering. Stability of rock slopes, modes of failure, plane failure, wedge failure, circular failure, toppling failure.
Thus, the most important thing to keep in mind is that strong rock is strong, weak rock isnt our first goal is to capture the essential. Physical and theoretical modeling of rock slopes against blockflexure toppling failure. The spectrum of rock dynamics is very wide and it includes the failure of rocks, rock masses and rock engineering structures such as rockbursting, spalling, popping, collapse, toppling, sliding, blasting, nondestructive testing, geophysical explorations, science and engineering of. Improved analytical solution for toppling stability. In plastic material, specific point of failure difficult to identify because deformation continues indefinitely at a constant level of stress. Slope stability analyses include static and dynamic, analytical or empirical methods to evaluate the stability of earth and rockfill dams, embankments. Pdf an analytical solution for block toppling failure of. Engineering rock mechanics is the discipline used to design structures built in rock. Next prev landslides in research, theory and practice.
Typical geometrical model for toppling failure of rock slopes. It describes the basic rock slope failure modes and methods of analysisboth. Numerous examples, drawings, and photos enhance the text. The mechanism of flexural toppling failure of jointed rock slopes has been investigated through a series of centrifuge experiments conducted on models manufactured from two types of materials brittle. Rock mechanics problemsrock mechanics problems how will rock react when put to mens use.
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