Toppling rock slope failures examples of analysis and. Soil slopes 1 effective stress, strength and stability effective stress strength the applicability of shear test data to field stability problems factors affecting the evaluation of field stability summary 2 short term stability, undrained strength of clays short term stability. Next prev landslides in research, theory and practice. What is the bearing capacity of rock on surface an at depths. Here the column of rock rotates about a fixed point at the base of the slope. Chapters include geotechnical and geomechanical analysis techniques, hydrology, rock slope stabilization techniques, and geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring. Variation of failure mechanisms of slopes in jointed rock. The evolution of their text, from rock slope engineering to a manual on rock slope. A study of the mechanism of flexural toppling failure of. The book considers fundamental geological processes that give rise to the nature of rock masses and control their mechanical behavior. Slope stability analyses include static and dynamic, analytical or empirical methods to evaluate the stability of earth and rockfill dams, embankments. However, when applied to toppling sliding failures in rock slopes, overestimates of stability can arise, and hence limit equilibrium and dem approaches have proved more popular.
Physical and theoretical modeling of rock slopes against blockflexure toppling failure. Rock mechanics studies to analyse toppling failure authors. Enge412 rock mechanics and rock engineering department of geological sciences course coordinator marlene villeneuve email. These structures encompass building foundations, dams, slopes, shafts, tunnels, caverns, hydroelectric schemes, mines, radioactive waste and geothermal energy projects. Nonassociative limit analysis of the topplingsliding failure of rock. A wedge failure controlled by intersecting structural features in the rock mass.
Designed for researchers and professionals in earthquake seismology, rock failure physics, geology and earthquake engineering, it is also a valuable reference for graduate students. Examples of rock mechanic problems lane cove tunnel collapse, sydney australia lane cove tunnel collapse australia november 2 2005 collapse of the ventilation tunnel at intersection with the main tunnel was duecollapse of the ventilation tunnel at intersection with the main tunnel was due. Practical rock mechanics provides an introduction for graduate students as well as a reference guide for practicing engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers. The basal failure plane observed in the centrifuge models, has been found to emanate from the toe of the slope, and orient at an angle. Hoek and bray comprehensive method circular failure toppling failure rockfalls 11 stabilization, maintenance and. Rock mechanics studies to analyse toppling failure. Failure of a brittle rock point when the rock loses all resistance to stress and crumbles. Toppling failure is one of the most common modes of failure of rock slopes in layered rock strata. Click download or read online button to get rock slope stability book now. An introduction to the principles book is used to design structures built in rock. The mechanism of flexural toppling failure of jointed rock slopes has been investigated through a series of centrifuge experiments conducted on models manufactured from two types of materials brittle. Design analysis in rock mechanics download book pdf full. Rock mechanics, as applied in engineering geology, mining, petroleum, and civil engineering practice, is concerned with the application of the principles of engineering mechanics to the design of the rock structures.
Toppling and columnar flexural bending or buckling are other failure mechanisms that can occur with increasing slope scale. Rock dynamics has become one of the most important topics in the field of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Whether youre involved in surface mine design or production, construction, education, or regulation, this is an important new book for your library. Rock mechanics problems how will rock react when put to mens use. Improved analytical solution for toppling stability analysis. A catalogue record for this book is available from the british library. Rock mechanics irock mechanics i western engineering. It describes the basic rock slope failure modes and methods of analysisboth kinematic and kinetic techniques. This classic handbook deals with the geotechnical problems of rock slope design. Engineering rock mechanics is the discipline used to design structures built in rock. Numerous examples, drawings, and photos enhance the text. Slope stability refers to the condition of inclined soil or rock slopes to withstand or undergo movement.
Toppling failure of rock slopes can be roughly differentiated into three. Harrison book covers the basic rock mechanics principles, how to study the interactions between these principles and a discussion on the fundamentals of excavation and support and the application of these in the design of surface and underground structures. It consists of five categories of topics on the science and practice of rock engineering. However, when applied to topplingsliding failures in rock slopes, overestimates of stability can arise, and hence limit equilibrium and dem approaches have proved more popular. You will be introduced to and become familiar with all relevant physical properties and fundamental laws governing the behavior of materials and structures and you will learn how to solve a variety of problems of interest to civil and environmental engineers.
Three case histories of toppling failures of rock slopes, and the methods used to ensure that failure did not disrupt operations below the slope, are described. This toppling action is due to the columns center of gravity lying outside the base dimensions. Introduction toppling failures can occur in slopes cut in rock with regularly spaced fractures which strike parallel to the slope, and dip into the face. Limit analysis is a powerful procedure which is widely used in geotechnical engineering for the analysis of collapse states. The basal failure plane observed in the centrifuge models, has been found to emanate from the toe of the slope, and orient at. The removal of overburden and the confining rock, as is the case in mining excavations, can result in a partial relief of the constraining stresses within the rock structure, resulting in a toppling failure. Theories of failure maximum shear stress theory to use this theory for either two or threedimensional static stress in homogeneous, isotopic, ductile materials, first compute the three principal stresses 1, 2, 3 and the maximum shear stress as 12 max 2 max min 2 pp then compare the maximum shear stress to the failure criterion. Goel, in engineering rock mass classification, 2011. Surface toppling can cause rock falls, but deep toppling seldom fails suddenly. Improved analytical solution for toppling stability. In rock slopes plane, wedge, toppling and rock fall are common modes of.
At intermediate and large scales, anticipation or prediction of the stability of rock slopes and the manner in which they can fail can be very difficult. Toppling failure occurs due to steep discontinuities in the rock which eventually leads to slippage of the layers and the outward and downward movement of a column of rock. What is the response of rocks under dynamic earthquake type loading. These structures encompass building foundations, dams, slopes, shafts, tunnels, caverns, hydroelectric schemes, mines, radioactive waste repositories and geothermal energy projects. All examinations have both open book and closed book parts. What is the modulus of elasticity of rock and how to get it. Base friction modeling of toppling failures in jointed rock. An analytical solution for block toppling failure of rock slopes during an earthquake article pdf available in applied sciences 710. Pdf a short course in soil and rock slope engineering.
Kinematic analyses of sliding and toppling failure of double. Download rock slope stability or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Kinematic analyses of sliding and toppling failure of double free face rock mass slopes. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Smr addresses both planar sliding and toppling failure modes, no additional.
The application of goodman and brays limit equilibrium analysis of multiblock failures to these three slopes is demonstrated. Mechanical model and analytical solution to toppling slope failure. Nonassociative limit analysis of the topplingsliding. Thus, the most important thing to keep in mind is that strong rock is strong, weak rock isnt our first goal is to capture the essential. Parameters considered were, the three governing materials steel, grout, and rock with two interfaces bolt grout and grout rocks.
Landslides in research, theory and practice, 1 jan 2000 1. S canada rock mechanics symposium, san francisco, june 29july 2, a poster paper. Physical and theoretical modeling of rock slopes against. Past research has analyzed rock toppling using 1g physical and twodimensional analytical models. Apr 25, 2017 the removal of overburden and the confining rock, as is the case in mining excavations, can result in a partial relief of the constraining stresses within the rock structure, resulting in a toppling failure. The stability condition of slopes is a subject of study and research in soil mechanics, geotechnical engineering and engineering geology. Flexural toppling is one of the wellknown modes of the failure. Given the strongly nonassociative character of topplingsliding rock slope failures, examples of experimental data were chosen from the rock mechanics. An analytical solution for block toppling failure of rock. Typical geometrical model for toppling failure of rock slopes. Stability of rock slopes, modes of failure, plane failure, wedge failure, circular failure, toppling failure.
Back analysis in rock engineering 1st edition shunsuke. Rock slope stability download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Pdf toppling failure is one of the most common modes of failure of rock slopes in layered rock. Lectures on rock mechanicslectures on rock mechanics. A study of the mechanism of flexural toppling failure of rock. Base friction modeling of toppling failures in jointed. Rock mechanics problemsrock mechanics problems how will rock react when put to mens use. This is because at such scales stability is affected by the. A short course in soil and rock slope engineering book summary.
In plastic material, specific point of failure difficult to identify because deformation continues indefinitely at a constant level of stress. Shear strength of rock joints, deformability of rock joints, concept of joint compliance. Toppling alevel maths revision section looking at toppling. Then, the failure behavior of rock slopes are simulated using 3dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis. As one type of rock slope failures, topping failure can be accurately simulated only when several aspects are correctly calculated such as deformation and stress. Examples of rock mechanics problems consequence of slope failure upstream of viajont dam after impoundment the town of longarone, located downstream of the vajont dam, before the. Toppling failure has attracted particular interest in the field of rock mechanics because the speed of the failure can range from low to extremely high 2. Rock slope engineering civil engineering i am menglim. Toppling failures can be deep, large, and potentially rapid. Nonassociative limit analysis of the toppling sliding failure of rock slopes october 2014 international journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences 71. The first failure occurred in a 20 m high granite slope that was stabilized by removing the top 6 m and. Rock slope stability in surface excavations, from planar block and wedge slides to rotational and toppling failures. Theories of failure memorial university of newfoundland.
Kinematic analyses of sliding and toppling failure of. Toppling failure long thin rock columns formed by the steeply dipping discontinuities may rotate about a pivot point located at the lowest corner of the block. This book is the first to describe an observational method in rock engineering practice, which implies that the potential readers of this book must be practicing engineers working on rock engineering projects. It describes the basic rock slope failure modes and methods of analysisboth. Pdf many researches on disaster prevention using computer simulation. It has been written for the nonspecialist mining or civil engineer, with worked examples, design charts, coverage of more detailed analytical methods, and of the collection and interpretation of geological and groundwater information and tests for the mechanical properties of rock. An ideal source for geologists and others with little background in engineering or mechanics. This type of slope failure may be further categorized depend on the mode such as. Rock mechanics forms part of the much broader subject of geomechanics, which is concerned with the mechanical responses of all geological materials, including soils. Explained and illustrated chunan tang, dalian university of technology, dalian, china john a. In layered and blocky rock slopes, toppling failure is a common mode of instability that may occur in mining engineering.
Blockflexure is the most common mode of toppling failure in natural and excavated rock slopes. In this book, however, no empirical approaches will be described, instead, all the approaches are based on simple rock mechanics theory. Pdf rockfall and toppling failure simulation of rock slopes. This note provides an introduction to the mechanics of materials and structures.
In such failure, some rock blocks break due to tensile stresses and some overturn under their own weights and then all of them topple together. Developed for a complete class in rock engineering, design analysis in rock mechanics, second edition uniquely combines the design of surface and underground rock excavations and addresses. The main objective of this book is to present the fundamentals of rock. Strength in plastic materials is defined as the level of stress at failure. Developed for a complete class in rock engineering, this volume uniquely combines the design of surface and underground rock excavations and addresses. International journal of mining and geoengineering, 49, 2, 2015, 155171. Slope mass rating smr is a rock mass classification scheme developed by manuel romana. Then, the physical and mechanical properties of experimental. If a body is resting on a rough slope, it will be on the verge of toppling over when the weight of the body acts through the edge of the part of the body which is in contact with the slope. In the third failure, the top 8 m of a single 12 m high toppling block was removed by blasting to prevent further rotational movement. The spectrum of rock dynamics is very wide and it includes the failure of rocks, rock masses and rock engineering structures such as rockbursting, spalling, popping, collapse, toppling, sliding, blasting, nondestructive testing, geophysical explorations, science and engineering of. Pdf an analytical solution for block toppling failure of. Failure modes in rock and soil slopes slope failure. Strength and deformability of jointed rock mass, fracture strength of jointed rock mass.
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